Process of testing the hardness and density of metals and other materials.



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UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEroE.

IVILLIAM I. BALLENTINE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. PROCESS OF TESTING THE HARDNESS AND DENSITY-(IF METALS vAND OTHER MATERIALS.

.A fpucfao ned october 18.1906. serai No. 339,441.

To all 'zu/wml t may concern:

Be it known that I, WiLLIAM I. BALLEN- TINE, a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Processes of T esting the Hardness and Density of Metals and other Materials, of which the following is rIhe object of my invention is to improve the process of testing the hardness or density of metals and other materials.

The usual practice is to impress a ball into the metal to be tested and the depth of the impression is measured, but this method is unsatisfactory and to a certain extent uncertain as in most cases the test is made on a separate test piece of the metal and furthermore the testing machine is'not portable so that it is difficult to make a test of a large casting or forging.

By my improved process an impression is made by a definite force on a blank preferably of a softer metal than the metal being tested and this blank is calibered, the test can be made upon the metal at any point desired as the process can .be readily carriedout in a portable device and the test will not injure or disfigure the metalbeing tested.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a vertical sectional View of an apparatus which may be used in carrying out my irnproved process; 2 is an inverted sectional view on the line 2-2, Fig. l 5 Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing the relation of the punch and plunger before the impression ismade; Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, after the impression is made; Fig. 5 1s a perspective view of the test diskA before being acted upon by the punch; and Fig. '6 is a perspective view of the test disk after being acted upon by the punch.

Referring to the drawings, A is a tubular guide which may be of any length desired. Secured to the b ott'om of this guide is a block a which is shaped to receive the punch B. This punch has a blunt point b at one end Vand a flat head bf at the opposite end and reduced at the center b2. The head b is greater in diameter than the p oint l).

a is a screw stop which passes through the block a and into the cavity for the punch, limiting the movement of the punch.

I) is a plunger adapted to slide freely in the tubular guide A and in order that it may slide more freely, it is provided with guide ribs d las indicated in Fig. 2, leaving an air space Specification of Letters Patent.

l Patented June 4, 1907.

between the'plunger and guide. In the bottom of the tube are openings a2 for the escape of ai-r when vthe plunger descends.

C is a trigger pivoted at c'to the tube A; The end of this trigger when the plunger is raised,y as in Fig. 1, enters an annular groove d in the plungerD, and I preferably secure y to one side of the tube A aspirit level g which will indicate when the tube is plumb. The

lower end of the plunger D is prererablytapered as shown at d? and has a screw-threaded end.

E is a cap fitting the screw-threaded end and having anopening e larger in diameter than the end b" of the punch B; Secured by.`

the cap E is the test disk I of lead or other?.l

material softer than the metal of the object` to be tested. The cap is beveled at e. so'that j when the cap is screwed down upon thejdlsk it will center the disk on thel plunger. v'The disk is of less diameter than the inner diameter of the cap to allow it freedomtoexpand the compression of the disk I. The disks I.

iind most satisfactoryare of pure le'ad, 'as

4this metal runs more evenly than an alloy and consequently the reading is more accurate. If, for instance, alcasting is to be tested asl to its hardness and density, the

punch B is placed in the tube as indicated in j Fig. l, and the disk I is secured to the end of the plunger D and the plunger is mounted in the tube, being held in its raised position by the trigger C.r The device is t en placed over the portion of the casting to be tested and is plumbed so as to be in a vertical position. Then the trigger is compressedso as to release the' plunger which drops directly on to the enlarged end b of the punchB so as to exert a definite force thereon, driving the small end b of the punch into the casting a certain distance, the enlarged head b', hoW'-. ever, embedding itself in the disk -I as indi- -cated clearly in Fig. 4. The amount of penetration of the disk will depend upon the amount of penetration of the metal being tested. If themetal is very hard the punch vwill make very little impression o'n the cast- III metal which was under compression and it" is the thickness between the head of the punch and the end of the plunger which willl indicate in comparing with -the chart the hardness of the casting being tested.

It will be seen that suoli a process is very accurate and that the device for carrying out the process is portable and can be used in making a number of tests on the same piece without the necessity of re-adjusting the piece.

It will be understood that while I have l described a particular forni of apparatus for carrying out my improved process the apparatus may be modified without departing from the essential features of the invention.

1 claim: I l. The process of testing the hardness or density of materials which consists in transmitting a predetermined testing force to the material under test through. two bodies, of

which one is softer and the other is harder than the material to be tested, and then measuring the resulting deformation of the softer of said. two bodies, substantially as described.

2. .The process herein described of testing metals and other materials, said process con?. Sisting in transmitting a definite pressure tov the material tested through a body' of material softer than that under test and thereby recording the effect of such pressure by conipressing said softer material, and measuring the amount of cornpressionof the soft ma*y lterial, substantially as described.

3. The method of testing the hardness of materials, which consists in delivering a blow of predetermined force to the materials under test, said blow being transmitted through. 'two bodies, of which one is softer than that termined distance under the influence of grew.

ity, througha piece of relatively soft material, and then measuring the resulting deformation of said soft piece, substantially as described.

sov

In testimony whereof, I have signed my naine to this specification, in the presence of.

two subscribing` witnesses.

WILLIAM I, B ALLENTINE. Witnesses WILL. A. BARR, Jos. H. KLEIN. 

